Nepal, nestled between India and China, boasts eight of the world's ten highest mountains, including Mount Everest, the tallest peak on Earth. Yet, Nepal's allure extends beyond its towering peaks; it is also home to the deepest gorge in the world. From the grandeur of its highest mountains to the depths of its valleys, Nepal offers a breathtaking and diverse landscape.
The country's exotic scenery and warm hospitality make it a top travel destination. Having never been colonized, Nepal's culture and traditions remain uniquely preserved. The Sherpas are renowned for their mountaineering prowess, while the Gurungs are celebrated for their valor as Gurkha soldiers.
If you’re new to Nepal, this travel guide will help you navigate what to do, what to avoid, and what to be mindful of during your visit.
Culture and Heritage
Nepal is a tapestry of over 125 ethnic groups, each contributing to a rich cultural mosaic. This diversity is reflected in the country's music, dance, arts, crafts, religious practices, and festivals.
Dance and Music
As a deeply Hindu kingdom, many believe that traditional dances originated in the Himalayas, home to Lord Shiva. Dance styles vary among ethnic groups, each with its unique attire and accompanying instruments.
Popular musical instruments include:
Other notable instruments are the Tungna (a stringed rhododendron instrument), Sankha (a conch shell), and Damphu (a drum-like instrument). These are commonly played during festivals and ceremonies, each evoking different moods.
Languages
Nepal is a linguistic mosaic with over 100 languages spoken, stemming from Indo-Aryan and Tibeto-Burman families. Nepali is the national language, spoken by around 45% of the population. Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tharu, and Tamang are also widely spoken, with Newari being prevalent in the Kathmandu Valley.
Religion and Philosophy
Hinduism is the predominant religion, practiced by over 80% of Nepalis. Buddhism follows with 9%, Islam at 4%, and Christians making up less than 1%. Nepal is the birthplace of Gautam Buddha, the founder of modern Buddhism. Religious harmony prevails, with public holidays celebrating Hindu festivals like Dashain, Tihar, and Chhat, as well as Christmas.
Notable religious sites include:
Kathmandu, known as the "City of Temples," is replete with temples. Animal sacrifices are a part of Hindu rituals, though cows are sacred and exempt from this practice.
Nepali Calendar
Nepal uses the Vikram Sambat calendar, which is approximately 57 years ahead of the Gregorian calendar. The Newars follow the Nepal Sambat calendar, starting from 879 AD. Various ethnic groups may use other calendars as well.
Nepali Architecture
Nepali architecture reflects influences from India and Tibet due to its historical trade routes. Hindu temples are often built in the pagoda style, while Buddhist monasteries feature the stupa style. The Shikhar style can also be seen, for example in the Krishna Mandir of Patan.
Kathmandu houses monuments from as far back as the 5th century, such as the Changu Narayan temple and the Swayambhu Nath stupa. The Shah dynasty, which ruled from Gorkha, and the Rana period, introduced European-inspired palace architecture.
Modern Nepali architecture draws from European and American styles, with notable examples including the Narayanhiti Royal Palace and Hotel Yak and Yeti. Traditional Sherpa, Newar, and Gurung houses each exhibit unique architectural styles suited to their respective environments.
Tourist Destinations (Must-See)
Kathmandu Valley: Kathmandu, Nepal's capital and largest city, is a melting pot of cultures. The valley is home to seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the three Durbar Squares (Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur), Swayambhu and Bauddhanath Stupas, and Pashupatinath and Changu Narayan temples. Thamel, a popular area in Kathmandu, is known for its vibrant atmosphere and historical significance.
Pokhara: Pokhara is renowned for its stunning natural beauty, with majestic peaks like Dhaulagiri, Manaslu, and Annapurna I forming its backdrop. Known as the "tourist capital" of Nepal, it offers a pleasant climate, clean air, and numerous water bodies, including Rara, Begnas, and Rupa Lakes. Pokhara also serves as the gateway to the Annapurna Circuit.
Annapurna Circuit: The Annapurna Circuit is one of the world’s premier trekking routes, offering breathtaking views of peaks like Dhaulagiri and Annapurna. The trek reaches an altitude of 5,416 meters at Thorong La Pass before descending to Muktinath. Poon Hill provides a panoramic view of the Himalayas and traditional villages.
Everest Base Camp: Everest, the world's highest peak, attracts many trekkers annually. The trek to Everest Base Camp typically takes two weeks, though variations are available, including routes via the Gokyo Lake region. The highest point on the trek is Kala Patthar at 5,555 meters.
Chitwan National Park: Beyond its mountains, Nepal is rich in wildlife. Chitwan National Park, located in the tropical monsoon region, is known for its one-horned rhinos and Bengal Tigers. Visitors can embark on an elephant safari to experience the park's diverse flora and fauna.
Lumbini: Lumbini, the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautam (Buddha), is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located 250 km from Kathmandu. The pilgrimage site features a monastic zone with various Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana monasteries. Key sites include the ruins of old monasteries, the Ashoka Pillar, and the Mayadevi Temple.
Honorable Mentions
Other notable trekking regions include the Manaslu region, Langtang Valley, Bardia National Park, Upper Mustang, and Tsum Valley.
Useful Travel Information
Passport and Visa
Most visitors can obtain a visa on arrival at Tribhuvan International Airport or border checkpoints. A passport with at least six months' validity is required. Visa fees are based on the length of stay (e.g., USD 50 for 30 days). For more information and services, visit [Nepali Port](https://nepaliport.immigration.gov.np/).
Money Exchange
The Nepali Rupee (NRs.) is the local currency. 1 USD is roughly Rs. 130. While traveler's cheques are secure, carrying cash is more practical. Exchange currency at legal exchange centers in Kathmandu or withdraw Nepali Rupees from ATMs (up to Rs. 35,000 with a processing fee).
Travel
In cities like Kathmandu and Pokhara, travel is convenient. Public buses are available but often crowded. Taxis are an option, but ride-hailing services like Pathao or Tootle may offer a more reliable experience. Download their apps for bike or cab bookings.
Accommodations
Kathmandu offers a range of hotels to suit all budgets, which can be booked online without extra fees. Trekking regions like Everest Base Camp and Annapurna Circuit have accommodations along the routes. For an immersive experience, consider home stays, particularly on Tamang heritage treks. Some treks may require camping.
Payment Apps
International payment apps like Google Pay and Apple Pay are not widely available in Nepal. Local alternatives include Fonepay and eSewa.
Food
Nepali cuisine, featuring dishes like Dal (lentils), Bhat (rice), and Tarkari (curry), is a must-try. Momos (dumplings) are particularly popular. Though you can request utensils, many Nepalis eat with their hands. Tea is a staple, and tea houses serve as social hubs.
Language
In cities, English is commonly spoken. Google Translate can aid communication if needed. You’ll also encounter speakers of Hindi, Newari, and Gurung languages.
Best Season
Nepal's climate varies by altitude, from subtropical in the south to alpine in the higher regions. For trekking, spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November) offer the best conditions with clear skies and good trail conditions. Autumn also features vibrant festivals.
Traveling to a new country can be daunting, but this guide should help you navigate your journey through Nepal. For trekking in remote areas, Discovery World Trekking ensures a well-organized experience with expert knowledge of trails, local attractions, and necessary permits. Enjoy your adventure in this incredible country!
